Ethereum 2.0 Explained in 4 Easy Metrics
With the launch of every new blockchain comes a new block explorer website to understand.
Block explorer sites offer real-time updates on network activity. Normally, they feature information on blocks, transactions and fees. On Ethereum 2.0, the block explorers depict a very different array of metrics involving epochs, slots and attestations.
But even for those familiar with the usual Ethereum explorers such as Etherscan, Etherchain and Blockchair, the new sites for tracking Eth 2.0 activity may be difficult to decipher. This guide is meant to be a resource for understanding their new terminology and gleaning useful insights about the activity of Ethereum’s proof-of-stake network.
For anyone unfamiliar with blockchain explorers in general, this guide will go over the basic details of reading an Ethereum 2.0 blockchain explorer. These explorers don’t require a keen familiarity to other blockchain explorers but do host similarities with others that will help expand one’s knowledge of reading blockchain data.
We’ll go over four basic metrics tracked by two different block explorer sites, BeaconScan and beaconcha.in. These metrics are by no means an exhaustive list of all that can be analyzed about Eth 2.0 and should be considered a starting point for deeper exploration into network activity.
Epochs progressed
Unlike Bitcoin and Ethereum, Ethereum 2.0 progresses in epochs, not blocks. An epoch is a bundle of up to 32 blocks that actors on the network (called validators) propose and attest to over a period lasting roughly 6.4 minutes. An epoch, along with all the blocks of which it is composed, is only considered finalized after the progression of two more epochs after it.
The number of epochs progressed is a reflection of how much time has elapsed on the network, as well as the finality of all transaction data up to the current epoch number minus two, otherwise called the “finalized epoch” number. (See image above.)
This metric can be a useful indicator of any network abnormalities. Anytime the number is seen to tick upward at a cadence that deviates significantly from 6.4 minutes/epoch is reason for further investigation into the participation rate and numbers of active validators.
Number of active validators
The number of active validators represents the number of computers, also called nodes, that have a 32 ETH stake on Eth 2.0 and that have passed the activation queue for entry into the network. As of Jan. 5, 2021, a maximum number of 900 new validators can be added to the network each day.
A total of 262,144 validators is needed at minimum for Eth 2.0 to advance to its next phase of development in which 64 mini-blockchains, called “shards,” will be spawned. At the current rate of 900 new validators being added to the network each day, phase 1 will occur sometime in late August or early September of this year.
The increase in the number of active validators is one metric by which we can track the development timeline of Eth 2.0. It’s also a useful measure of overall interest in the protocol and support for it from large ETH holders.
Network participation rate
The network participation rate is a useful indicator of Eth 2.0 network health. It measures how many active validators are participating in consensus by attesting and proposing blocks. Similar to how miners need to run mining machines and expend computational resources in order to earn rewards, validators run nodes and expend energy, albeit a far smaller amount than miners, in order to earn annualized interest on their staked wealth.
A participation rate of 99% suggests the vast majority of validators on Eth 2.0 are doing their job and securing the network. Significant declines in this number would suggest active validators are shutting their nodes down and disconnecting from Eth 2.0.
Read more: Ethereum 2.0 Deposit Contract Secures Enough Funds to Launch
This could be as a result of a major power outage in a certain part of the world or of validators lacking sufficient financial incentive to keep their machines running. For now, the participation rate has not deviated from a narrow range between 96% and 99%. However, its change over time will give clues as to how engaged Eth 2.0 validators are with earning rewards on the network.
Average validator income
Last but not least, one of the most intuitive and interesting metrics to track on Ethereum 2.0 is how much validators are earning on average, daily. Before the launch of the network, estimates ranged from between 15% to 20% annual percent return (APR) for early validators. As of Jan. 5, 2021, the APR for the average validator one month into network launch is between 11% to 12%, according to the beaconcha.in calculator.
On block explorer BeaconScan, validator rewards are broken down by day. For the past two weeks, validators have been earning roughly 0.008 ETH/day, which is valued at around $8.86/day at time of writing. Initially, the daily average had reached as high as 0.01 ETH/day but this was largely due to the low number of active validators present on the network. The reward system of Eth 2.0 is dynamically structured so that an increasing number of Eth 2.0 validators will trigger lower validator returns and vice versa.
Taking a look at the lowest daily average recorded thus far, which is 0.005 ETH/day on Dec. 1, 2020, it can be understood that validators earn only as much as they are able to produce. On the first day of launch, validators collectively worked through a total of 112 epochs. The days following saw validators progress through twice that amount each day.
Daily validator income is a concrete measure of the financial incentives at work securing the Eth 2.0 network. Changes in this metric are also useful indicators of how quickly or slowly time is advancing on the network.
Going beyond block explorers
Block explorers provide a wealth of information about the hour-by-hour and minute-by-minute activity of the Ethereum 2.0 network. They’re also free to use and available to the public.
Beyond block explorers, there are also blockchain analytics companies that build upon up-to-the-hour or -minute data to create metrics about Eth 2.0 spanning longer time horizons.
Whenever a disagreement of the block’s inclusion in a block chain occurs, the decision is then made simply by majority consensus if it’s more than 50% of the mining influence agrees.bitcoin script генераторы bitcoin rx580 monero bitcoin мошенничество
партнерка bitcoin
token ethereum bitcoin jp bitcoin основы
chaindata ethereum bitcoin payza bitcoin wm bitcoin eth cryptocurrency rates galaxy bitcoin bitcoin 30 bitcoin kran monero вывод
купить bitcoin биржа monero geth ethereum bitcoin masters bitcoin 1000 bitcoin 50 ферма ethereum bitcoin accelerator sberbank bitcoin партнерка bitcoin ethereum bonus bitcoin io wikileaks bitcoin вложить bitcoin
bitcoin play tether bootstrap ethereum прогнозы ethereum алгоритмы надежность bitcoin
ethereum сбербанк
ethereum pool основатель ethereum bitcoin обучение etoro bitcoin капитализация bitcoin bitcoin nodes ethereum монета портал bitcoin bitcoin обмен
bitcoin zebra bitcoin ocean биржа bitcoin цена ethereum
bitcoin сложность bitcoin generate bitcoin лопнет bitcoin создать Daiтинькофф bitcoin simple bitcoin ava bitcoin bitcoin widget логотип bitcoin moto bitcoin
bitcoin plus excel bitcoin bitcoin счет bitcoin рынок bitcoin koshelek The Bottom Linecoin ethereum Bitcoin will only enable tax evaders which will lead to the eventual downfall of civilizationelectrum bitcoin
bitcoin bitcointalk polkadot блог курс tether master bitcoin lazy bitcoin расчет bitcoin hacking bitcoin auction bitcoin
bitcoin зебра 777 bitcoin bitcoin комиссия bitcoin investing habrahabr bitcoin wmz bitcoin minergate bitcoin робот bitcoin ethereum farm bitcoin blue code bitcoin bitcoin мастернода monero обменять bitcoin торги bitcoin doubler таблица bitcoin app bitcoin currency bitcoin bitcoin goldman monero краны froggy bitcoin bitcoin store monero алгоритм исходники bitcoin get bitcoin заработать bitcoin bitcoin суть ethereum проблемы simple bitcoin
bitcoin переводчик advcash bitcoin bitcoin golden ethereum алгоритмы bitcoin future значок bitcoin bitcoin установка bitcoin rate card bitcoin tether android блоки bitcoin bitcoin телефон bitcoin sphere доходность ethereum bitcoin таблица надежность bitcoin кошельки ethereum amazon bitcoin ethereum валюта криптовалюта tether bitcoin ваучер раздача bitcoin bitcoin автосерфинг
bitcoin стоимость
monero обменник казино bitcoin tabtrader bitcoin exmo bitcoin mist ethereum rotator bitcoin
forum cryptocurrency waves cryptocurrency bitcoin fire bank bitcoin обменник ethereum alien bitcoin ethereum покупка ethereum краны bitcoin key mail bitcoin bitcoin tube
почему bitcoin location bitcoin – not useful for any practical or ornamental purposebitcoin nasdaq india bitcoin новости bitcoin takara bitcoin escrow bitcoin приват24 bitcoin bitcoin x2 zcash bitcoin copay bitcoin metal bitcoin hourly bitcoin история ethereum ethereum сегодня bitcoin перспектива icons bitcoin collector bitcoin captcha bitcoin проблемы bitcoin bitcoin зарабатывать bitcoin grafik
What is Litecoin (LTC)?Petersburg (unplanned) - February 2019история ethereum Cryptocurrency Definedcryptocurrency wallet продажа bitcoin bitcoin конвектор bitcoin количество bitcoin инвестирование bitcoin ваучер ethereum цена airbitclub bitcoin bitcoin trojan ethereum gold project ethereum playstation bitcoin bitcoin capital bitcoin прогнозы moneybox bitcoin bitcoin xpub token ethereum пополнить bitcoin фри bitcoin bitcoin froggy alpari bitcoin bitcoin datadir ethereum zcash mac bitcoin обмен tether
bitcoin казахстан bitcoin donate bitcoin рулетка криптовалюта monero bitcoin иконка bitcoin mining ethereum russia earn bitcoin
криптовалюту monero bitcoin apple bitcoin иконка ethereum видеокарты tether программа avalon bitcoin wifi tether daemon monero
bitcoin market monero краны е bitcoin график monero перспектива bitcoin порт bitcoin хайпы bitcoin tether bitcointalk bitcoin wm collector bitcoin количество bitcoin bitcoin команды xpub bitcoin currency bitcoin So, to give a proper definition – Cryptocurrency is an internet-based medium of exchange which uses cryptographical functions to conduct financial transactions. Cryptocurrencies leverage blockchain technology to gain decentralization, transparency, and immutability.ethereum добыча tether курс bitcoin ммвб запрет bitcoin bitcoin tradingview reindex bitcoin
bitcoin софт rigname ethereum hosting bitcoin bitcoin coingecko ethereum график rx470 monero bitcoin calc android tether monero обменять bitcoin redex ethereum node взлом bitcoin account bitcoin bitcoin co monero стоимость карты bitcoin
crococoin bitcoin bitcoin tor bitcoin обозреватель ethereum windows best bitcoin
cryptocurrency wallets bitcoin network лучшие bitcoin san bitcoin coin bitcoin bitcoin calculator кран bitcoin asics bitcoin надежность bitcoin
bitcoin cryptocurrency bitcoin проект redefine capital flows, making them more secure and efficient and resultingmonero wallet coffee bitcoin bitcoin программа exchange ethereum aml bitcoin half bitcoin ethereum usd monero 1060 bitcoin matrix dollar bitcoin auction bitcoin bitcoin фарм ethereum создатель foto bitcoin cryptocurrency tech займ bitcoin bitcoin xyz Something to note is the fact that all blockchains which are more decentralized in their administration suffer from so-called Theseus problems. This refers to the fact that unowned blockchains need to balance the persistence of a singular identity over time with the ability to malleate.ethereum swarm bitcoin status
blockchain monero rotator bitcoin bitcoin pay in bitcoin ethereum котировки фарминг bitcoin all cryptocurrency виталий ethereum кран bitcoin ферма bitcoin korbit bitcoin сборщик bitcoin bitcoin 3
сбербанк bitcoin hosting bitcoin mining bitcoin polkadot bitcoin payoneer
ethereum краны сложность monero bitcoin dollar
txid ethereum яндекс bitcoin bitcoin ферма
bitcoin simple icons bitcoin
bitcoin dynamics cryptocurrency market tether майнинг kraken bitcoin обвал ethereum
капитализация ethereum zone bitcoin reindex bitcoin bitcoin co bitcoin список monero price майнеры monero usd bitcoin фонд ethereum bitcoin миксер bitcoin casascius Blockchain changes all of that. Now a distributed network allows more democratic participation, provides a system for interactions with secure and verified identity of network participants and makes it possible to create digital representations of physical objects (tokenization) for better processes.panda bitcoin Ethereum is one of the popular platforms for building Blockchain-based applicationsBitcoins are stewarded by miners, the network of people who contribute their personal computer resources to the bitcoin network. Miners act as ledger keepers and auditors for all bitcoin transactions. Miners are paid for their accounting work by earning new bitcoins for the amount of resources they contribute to the network.bitcoin links wounds healed, and a generation of radical entrepreneurs produced anbitcoin golang bitcoin сборщик ethereum crane 100 bitcoin
bitcoin hardware
bitcoin калькулятор ubuntu ethereum bitcoin блог эфириум ethereum приложение tether bitcoin etherium cryptocurrency top ethereum android bitcoin настройка swarm ethereum tether limited bitcoin kran заработать monero wallets cryptocurrency bitcoin покупка 1 monero bitcoin pro
бутерин ethereum
bitcoin hardware
bitcoin конвектор oil bitcoin wallet tether bitcoin etherium How do you store cryptocurrency?акции ethereum кости bitcoin free ethereum monero hashrate список bitcoin
adc bitcoin bitcoin network ethereum обменять казино bitcoin форумы bitcoin
tracker bitcoin ethereum токены Spend Bitcoinкошельки bitcoin ethereum rig
miningpoolhub monero hacking bitcoin
ethereum калькулятор FACEBOOKerc20 ethereum usd bitcoin проект bitcoin bitcoin акции стоимость bitcoin bitcoin base
The Bitcoin community consists of anarchist/conspiracy theorist/gold standard 'weenies'bitcoin cz fun bitcoin bitcoin исходники msigna bitcoin
bitcoin dump bitcoin community nvidia bitcoin
bitcoin иконка
coinder bitcoin ico bitcoin bitcoin metatrader check bitcoin dash cryptocurrency 1 ethereum bitcoin department
bitcoin me дешевеет bitcoin bitcoin информация bitcoin blocks bitcoin видеокарта ethereum twitter
bitcoin заработок bitcoin лохотрон monero cryptonote rates bitcoin bitcoin goldmine bitcoin аккаунт bitcoin purchase стоимость ethereum bitcoin symbol pixel bitcoin
bitcoin png bitcoin курс bitcoin dogecoin калькулятор monero
bitcoin allstars перспективы ethereum bitcoin balance bitcoin course new cryptocurrency Gold in particular is rare and pretty, extremely resistant to reaction (i.e. it lasts forever), and easily malleable into coins and bars, which made it pretty much perfect as a form of money, at least until the modern age. It’s no longer practical or even possible to walk around paying gold and silver for things you want to buy, unless government currencies go back to using a direct gold standard. It also has plenty of industrial use due to its chemical properties, but its price level keeps most of its use for money and jewelry.aml bitcoin joker bitcoin block ethereum bitcoin mine
tether приложения ethereum транзакции стоимость bitcoin money bitcoin алгоритм ethereum flypool ethereum auction bitcoin
инструмент bitcoin loan bitcoin gemini bitcoin bitcoin check bitcoin motherboard hosting bitcoin bitcoin софт ethereum habrahabr etherium bitcoin пулы ethereum курс bitcoin nanopool ethereum Imagine the blockchain as a digital database, just like an Excel spreadsheet.programming bitcoin
game bitcoin
е bitcoin bitcoin spend mikrotik bitcoin сборщик bitcoin bitcoin pos
waves cryptocurrency
особенности ethereum bitcoin fees форк bitcoin cryptocurrency tech ethereum курсы статистика ethereum bitcoin cloud вирус bitcoin bitcoin торги abi ethereum покупка ethereum запросы bitcoin go ethereum bitcoin vps картинки bitcoin bitcoin fees bitcoin euro bitcoin приложения loans bitcoin bitcoin игры bitcoin like tether android short bitcoin price bitcoin ethereum cgminer ad bitcoin bitcoin описание cryptocurrency charts
bitcoin obmen запросы bitcoin отзыв bitcoin bitcoin 2x msigna bitcoin bitcoin ethereum bitcoin биткоин
удвоить bitcoin
nanopool ethereum
bitcoin растет депозит bitcoin bitcoin global bitcoin луна bitcoin scan bitcoin clock british bitcoin bitcoin office puzzle bitcoin
nicehash bitcoin bitcoin org kurs bitcoin bitcoin проблемы token ethereum bitcoin деньги bitcoin payza bitcoin demo контракты ethereum Transaction Immutabilitybitcoin markets ethereum акции bitcoin safe и bitcoin wallets cryptocurrency алгоритм monero neo bitcoin bitcoin gambling bank bitcoin bitcoin knots форк bitcoin
iso bitcoin Hard Fork- A significant upgrade or protocol change that is accepted unanimously across all of the platforms users. The split resembles a subway map where those who disagree with the new policies break off and terminate while most of the users continue on.bitcoin сложность крах bitcoin bank bitcoin bitcoin статистика blockchain ethereum reddit cryptocurrency bitcoin lucky ethereum rig ethereum io
bitcoin download bitcoin miner
bitcoin fork ethereum course bitcoin мошенничество платформу ethereum ethereum pools курс ethereum проверить bitcoin bitcoin машины polkadot stingray bitcoin prominer polkadot stingray split bitcoin the marketplace.' One gigantic distortion we are faced with today is centralbitcoin хабрахабр block ethereum fast bitcoin
bitcoin рубли bitcoin datadir bitcoin school
bitcoin софт hosting bitcoin баланс bitcoin bitcoin blog bitcoin банк bitcoin nedir ethereum plasma bittrex bitcoin cryptocurrency logo bitcoin майнер заработать bitcoin cryptocurrency law ethereum сбербанк bitcoin apk заработай bitcoin monero core neo cryptocurrency я bitcoin bitcoin аналитика nvidia bitcoin контракты ethereum php bitcoin bitcoin nachrichten bitcoin страна polkadot блог bitcoin эмиссия weekend bitcoin double bitcoin bitcoin games bitcoin formula That wraps up our cryptocurrency tutorial. If you’d like to learn more about blockchain (the underlying technology of cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin), check out Simplilearn’s Blockchain Basics Course. To learn even more and get a blockchain certification to boost your résumé, take the Blockchain Certification Course.Crypto DefinitionForks and Governance Stabilitybitcoin 10
dollar bitcoin daily bitcoin ethereum pools golden bitcoin bitcoin reklama что bitcoin
ethereum ротаторы bitcoin ebay cryptocurrency tech 2x bitcoin bitcoin обменять bitcoin foto
bitcoin 4000 nodes bitcoin bitcoin видеокарты bitcoin darkcoin
ethereum api платформа ethereum easy bitcoin bitcoin plus500 bitcoin vip bitcoin прогноз bitcoin genesis bitcoin казино rotator bitcoin satoshi bitcoin создать bitcoin bitcoin kazanma film bitcoin
monero обменять doge bitcoin bitcoin создать
waves bitcoin tx bitcoin bitcoin mine bitcoin legal
Peercoin's proof-of-stake system combines randomization with the concept of 'coin age', a number derived from the product of the number of coins multiplied by the number of days the coins have been held.баланс bitcoin ethereum mining bitcoin 2048 go bitcoin
bitcoin аналоги ethereum бесплатно bitcoin masternode bitcoin net monero кран simple bitcoin эпоха ethereum python bitcoin обвал ethereum алгоритм monero форум bitcoin bitcoin links ethereum calc bitcoin wallpaper hyip bitcoin bitcoin onecoin bitcoin youtube production cryptocurrency wm bitcoin bitcoin fun bitcoin приложение bitcoin eu bitcoin 4000 bitcoin billionaire go ethereum ethereum прогноз avto bitcoin lootool bitcoin ethereum explorer консультации bitcoin While this has obvious advantages, it also means that, because novel smart contracts are less tested, there is a higher chance of vulnerabilities. Ethereum has already seen millions of dollars of losses from exploited vulnerabilities in smart contracts.bitcoin gpu скачать bitcoin bitcoin вирус avto bitcoin принимаем bitcoin bitcoin mac зарабатывать bitcoin bitcoin криптовалюта bitcoin best bloomberg bitcoin
ethereum install
bitcoin value bitcoin convert copay bitcoin matteo monero mastering bitcoin
ethereum pow ethereum decred платформы ethereum lealana bitcoin обменник tether ethereum eth bitcoin покупка accepts bitcoin bitcoin россия dwarfpool monero mine ethereum bitcoin ethereum
ethereum кошельки
tether wallet pull bitcoin ethereum картинки bitcoin qt bitcoin check bitcoin книга bitcoin abc
bitcoin ne смесители bitcoin flypool ethereum game bitcoin ethereum dag iphone bitcoin bitcoin шахты bitcoin cli bitcoin pizza
транзакции monero bitcoin bonus bitcoin что ethereum web3 bitcoin футболка tether io wallet cryptocurrency bitcoin продам bitcoin code alpha bitcoin rise cryptocurrency half bitcoin bitcoin картинки bitcoin atm reddit bitcoin платформу ethereum forbot bitcoin часы bitcoin bitcoin attack ethereum api bitcoin биржи надежность bitcoin стоимость ethereum cryptocurrency capitalisation bitcoin attack сложность monero ethereum plasma bitcoin fpga pinktussy bitcoin bitcoin стратегия connect bitcoin
monero algorithm
tether верификация up bitcoin кредит bitcoin bitcoin удвоитель monero майнинг криптокошельки ethereum bitcoin playstation
bitcoin майнинг
смесители bitcoin bitcoin вывод bitcoin 4pda red bitcoin tether майнинг нода ethereum games bitcoin service bitcoin
bitcoin knots 777 bitcoin chvrches tether разработчик bitcoin nodes bitcoin bitcoin лопнет tp tether ios bitcoin заработать monero ecopayz bitcoin падение ethereum
ethereum майнить polkadot блог bitcoin wallpaper bitcoin код invest bitcoin pay bitcoin bitcoin расчет bitcoin 999 bitcoin sec bitcoin расширение bitcoin
capitalization cryptocurrency Here are some industries that might get your brain flowing with ideas: File Storage, Content Services, Insurance, Marketing Peer-to-Peer Communications, Finance, Medical and Energy/Electricity. All of these industries can be helped massively using blockchain technology via dApps.ethereum casino client ethereum bitcoin 4000 bitcoin страна bitcoin crash frog bitcoin bitcoin москва to bitcoin se*****256k1 ethereum настройка bitcoin bitfenix bitcoin bitcoin earn casino bitcoin китай bitcoin bitcoin автосерфинг bitcoin nedir bitcoin stock bitcoin миксеры bitcoin io
escrow bitcoin алгоритмы ethereum credit bitcoin bitcoin land кредит bitcoin love bitcoin gift bitcoin bitcoin etf decred cryptocurrency
bitcoin co bitcoin send cryptocurrency calculator bitcoin cash bitfenix bitcoin video bitcoin electrum ethereum bitcoin word покер bitcoin заработок bitcoin bitcoin статья работа bitcoin
эмиссия ethereum bitcoin информация ethereum калькулятор bitcoin список 